德国的海德堡大学创立于1386年，是德国最古老的一所大学，每年都吸引着大批的外国学生前来求学，跟着出国留学网一起来了解下德国海德堡大学基本概况吧，欢迎阅读。
一、关于海德堡大学
Founded in 1386, Heidelberg University, a state university of BadenWürttemberg, is Germany’s oldest university. In continuing its timehonoured tradition as a research university of international standing the Ruprecht-Karls-University’s mission is guided by the following principles:
Firmly rooted in its history, the University is committed to expanding and disseminating our knowledge about all aspects of humanity and nature through research and education. The University upholds the principle of freedom of research and education, acknowledging its responsibility to humanity, society, and nature.According to its motto »Semper apertus« (»Always open«) Heidelberg University, in a spirit of open-mindedness and tolerance towardindividuals and ideas, aspires to generate and harness knowledge and skills for the benefit of today’s and future generations.Heidelberg University’s identity as a comprehensive university has grown out of its academic history, its commitment to the present, and its role in shaping the future. The research and educational efforts of the university are devoted to pursuing the central questionsconfronting humanity, concentrating on fundamental research and its application, and empowering Heidelberg’s students to participatein this scientific and academic endeavour at an early stage.The disciplines taught at Heidelberg University encompass the humanities, the social sciences, law, natural sciences, and the life sciences, including medicine.
The tasks of a comprehensive university are to advance outstanding individual disciplines, cross-linking them and addressing issues at the highest scholarly level;to create and safeguard the conditions for comprehensive, interdisciplinary collaboration that will make possible essential contributions toward the solution of major issues facing humanity, society, and government in an increasingly changing world;to make research results available to society and encourage their utilisation in all sectors of public life.Students, researchers, teachers, technical staff, and administrative personnel form an integral part of the university. Heidelberg University is a self-governing institution committed to the principles of good academic practice.Heidelberg University connects the knowledge and expertise of its members across generations. It is dedicated to systematically advancing the careers of young scholars and scientists, offers established academics ample opportunity for independent research, and assures the continued presence of outstanding emeriti by conferring on them the rank of senior professors. This alliance of knowledge provides an excellent foundation for the identification and dedicated pursuit of new research questions. The University is thus ideally positioned to meet future challenges with an appropriate degree of flexibility.
The intricate connection between research and teaching provides for an education that is academic, practical, and continuous.Heidelberg University is committed to providing equal opportunity for men and women, to ensuring the compatibility of professional work and family, and to upholding the principle of diversity and equality both within and outside the bounds of the University.Heidelberg University will strengthen and extend its cooperation with non-university research institutions.Heidelberg University intends to further cultivate its contacts with former students and graduates, friends and supporters, as well as its partners in business and industry to attract additional encouragement and support.Heidelberg University’s international orientation is a long-standing tradition. Occupying a leading position in Germany and in Europe, the University is committed to providing its global competitiveness. It will continue to increase its attractiveness for outstanding international scholars and students and to expand its international networks in order to provide both junior researchers and senior faculty with the best possible opportunities for further qualification and advancement.
德国最古老的大学成立于1386年，是巴登符腾堡州立大学海德堡大学。鲁伯勒 - 卡尔斯大学的使命是继续作为国际知名研究型大学继续悠闲的传统，遵循以下原则：
大学坚持扎根于历史，致力于通过研究和教育扩大和传播我们关于人性和自然的各个方面的知识。大学坚持研究和教育自由原则，承认对人类，社会和自然的责任。根据其座右铭“Semper apertus”(“始终开放”)海德堡大学本着对个人和思想的开放思想和宽容的精神，渴望产生和利用知识和技能，造福于今世后代。海德堡大学作为一所综合性大学的身份已经脱离了学术史，其对现在的承诺及其在塑造未来的作用。大学的研究和教育工作致力于追求人性化的核心问题，着眼于基础研究及其应用，赋予海德堡学生早日参与科学和学术工作的能力。海德堡大学教授的学科包括人文科学，社会科学，法律，自然科学和生命科学，包括医学。
综合性大学的任务是，推进优秀个人纪律，交叉关系，以最高学术水平解决问题;创造和维护全面，跨学科合作的条件，为解决人类，社会和政府在日益变化的世界中面临的重大问题做出重要贡献;为社会提供研究成果，鼓励他们在公共生活的各个领域得到应用。学生，研究人员，教师，技术人员和行政人员是大学的组成部分。海德堡大学是一个致力于良好学术实践原则的自治机构。海德堡大学将其成员的知识和专业知识连接起来。致力于系统地推进青年学者和科学家的职业发展，为学术界提供了独立研究的充足机会，并通过授予高级教授等级，保证了优秀人才的持续存在。这种知识联盟为识别和追求新的研究问题提供了良好的基础。因此，大学理想地适应未来的挑战，并具有适度的灵活性。研究与教学之间的复杂联系提供了一种学术，实践和持续的教育。海德堡大学致力于为男女提供平等机会，确保专业工作与家庭的兼容，坚持大学内外的多样性和平等原则。海德堡大学将加强和扩大与非大学研究机构的合作。海德堡大学打算进一步培养与前学生，毕业生，朋友和支持者及其在商业和工业界的合作伙伴的联系，以吸引更多的鼓励和支持。海德堡大学的国际导向是一个长期的传统。该大学在德国和欧洲处于领先地位，致力于提供全球竞争力。将继续提高优秀国际学者和学生的吸引力，扩大国际网络，为初中研究人员和高级教师提供进一步资格和进步的最佳机会。
二、历史沿革
1385/1386 – Founding：On 23 October 1385, Pope Urban VI approves the founding of the university in Heidelberg by Elector Palatine Rupert I. Instruction begins a year later on 18 October 1386 in three faculties: theology, jurisprudence and philosophy. Medicine follows two years later in 1388. The first rector is Marsilius von Inghen of the Netherlands; the first professors come from Paris and Prague.
1556-1617 – First Golden Age：After assuming power in 1556, Elector Palatine Otto Henry converts the university into a reformed protestant institution and in 1558 establishes new statutes that remain largely in force until 1786. The university enjoys a period of great prosperity. Esteemed as a centre of the European sciences and culture, the university's international appeal draws professors and students from all over Europe.
1618-1652 – Destruction and Reopening：The university is hit hard by the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). Teaching is suspended several times. In 1623, the Bibliotheca Palatina, one of the most valuable collections of German manuscripts of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age, is carted to Rome in reparation for the war. The university reopens in 1652.
1688-1800 – Decline：The university’s arduous comeback after the Thirty Years’ War shatters with the complete destruction of Heidelberg by the troops of King Louis XIV in the Palatine War of Succession (1688-1697). The university remains closed until 1703. Finally, in 1712, the cornerstone is laid for a new university building, today's Old University. For numerous reasons, not the least of which is financial mismanagement, the university experiences a period of decline through the end of the century.
1803-1900 – Second Golden Age：In 1803 the university is acquired by Baden and reorganised as a state-financed academy following an edict of Charles Frederick of Baden (pictured). In 1805 it is named Ruperto Carola – a combination of the name of the university’s founder Rupert and Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden. As a cosmopolitan and liberal university, Heidelberg enjoys its second golden age during the 19th century. Through the work of Robert Bunsen, Gustav Kirchhoff and Hermann Helmholtz, the natural sciences in particular reach a zenith.
1900-1923 – Women Admitted to Heidelberg University：Around the turn of the century, the Baden state government permits women to enter the university for the first time. In April of 1900, Georgine Sexauer from Karlsruhe is the first female student to enter her name in the Matriculation Register of Ruperto Carola. Finally, in the year 1923, Gertrud von Ubisch (pictured) is the first woman to receive her professorship in Heidelberg.
1933-1945 – Decline during the National Socialist Era：With the rise to power of the National Socialists, 59 of 214 Heidelberg academics are expelled and disenfranchised for “racial” or “political” reasons. In a move that symbolises the malevolence of the period, the sculpture of Athena and the inscription “Dem lebendigen Geist” (To the Living Spirit) are removed from above the portal of the New University in 1936. They are replaced with an oversized eagle and the words “Dem deutschen Geist” (To the German Spirit).
1946-1967 – Reopening and Expansion：After the end of the war, instruction resumes gradually. The first rector of the post-war period is the surgeon Karl Heinrich Bauer. The university now begins to spread out over three campuses: in the Old Town (humanities), in Bergheim (medicine), and, beginning in the 1960s, in Neuenheimer Feld (natural sciences, medicine).
1968-1974 – Overcrowded University and Student Riots：This period is characterised by increasing student numbers and a progressive differentiation of the disciplines. After the student riots that marked this era, the university is given a new basic order in 1969. The five faculties are temporarily divided into sixteen (the number is reduced to twelve in 2002).
Since 2006 – University of Excellence：Heidelberg University is successful with all six proposals in both funding phases of the Excellence Initiative 2006/2007 and 2012. It receives funding for three graduate schools, two Clusters of Excellence and its Institutional Strategy "Heidelberg: Realising the Potential of a Comprehensive University".
海德堡大学：625年 - 简要年表
1385/1386 - 成立：1385年10月23日，教皇城市VI批准了由选民帕拉丁·鲁珀特一世在海德堡成立大学。指导在一年后的1386年10月18日开始，在三个学院：神学院，判例学院和哲学学院。医学在1388年两年后出现。第一位校长是荷兰的Marsilius von Inghen; 第一位教授来自巴黎和布拉格。
1556-1617 - 第一个黄金时代：在1556年执政后，选民帕特琳·奥托·亨利将大学改造成为一个改革的新教徒机构，1558年制定了新的法规，直到1786年才有效。大学享有繁荣昌盛的时期。作为欧洲科学和文化的中心，大学的国际魅力吸引了来自欧洲各地的教授和学生。
1618-1652 - 破坏和重新打开：三十年来，这所大学受到打击(1618-1648)。教学暂停多次。1623年，作为中世纪和早期现代时代德国手稿最有价值的收藏品之一的书本布列塔尼被提供给罗马，为战争作出赔偿。大学在1652年重新开放。
1688-1800 - 衰退：三十年战争后，大学的艰巨复苏打破了路易十四国王继承巴勒斯坦继承之战(1688-1697)彻底破坏海得堡的局面。大学直到1703年才关闭。最后，在1712年，今天的旧大学建立了一座新的大学建筑。由于无数理由，其中最不重要的是财务管理不善，到本世纪末，大学经历了一段衰落时期。
1803-1900 - 第二个黄金时代：在1803年，大学被巴登收购，并按照巴登的查尔斯·弗雷德里克(Charles Frederick)的法令重组为国家资助的学院。在1805年，它被命名为鲁珀罗卡罗拉 - 大学的创始人鲁珀特和查尔斯·弗雷德里克，巴登大公的名称的组合。海德堡作为一个国际化和自由的大学，在十九世纪享有第二个黄金时代。通过Robert Bunsen，Gustav Kirchhoff和Hermann Helmholtz的工作，自然科学尤其达到顶峰。
1900-1923 - 海德堡大学开始接受女性进入大学就读：在世纪之交，巴登州政府首次允许女性进入大学。1900年4月，卡尔斯鲁厄的Georgine Sexauer是第一位在鲁珀托·卡罗拉(Ruperto Carola)入学登记册中输入她名字的女学生。最后，在1923年，Gertrud von Ubisch(图)是在海德堡接受教授的第一个女性。
1933 - 1945年 - 国家社会主义时代的衰落：随着国家社会党人力量的兴起，海德堡的214位学者中有59人因“种族”或“政治”原因被驱逐和剥夺了权利。在象征这个时期的恶毒的举动中，雅典娜的雕塑和题为“Dem lebendigen Geist”(生活精神)的文字从1936年的新大学门户上除去。他们被一只超大的老鹰和“德意志帝国”(德国精神)所夺取。
1946-1967 - 重新开放和扩张：战争结束后，指令逐渐恢复。战后时期的第一位负责人是外科医生Karl Heinrich Bauer。大学现在开始分布在三个校区：老城区(人文学科)，Bergheim(医学)，从1960年代开始，在Neuenheimer Feld(自然科学，医学))。
1968-1974 - 拥挤的大学和学生骚乱：这个时期的特点是学生人数增加，学科逐渐分化。在这个时代的学生骚乱之后，大学在1969年获得了新的基本命令。五个学院暂时分为十六个(2002年减少到十二个)。
2006年以来 - 卓越大学：海德堡大学在2006/2007和2012年卓越计划的两个筹资阶段都获得了成功的六项建议。它获得了三个研究生院的资助，两个卓越团队及其体制战略“海德堡：实现综合大学的潜力”。
三、教研优势
Excellence Initiative：Three Graduate Schools,,Graduate School of Fundamental Physics,Heidelberg Graduate School of Mathematical and Computational Methods for the Sciences,The Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology.
Two Clusters of Excellence:CellNetworks: From Molecular Mechanisms to Quantitative Understanding of Complex FunctionsAsia and Europe in a Global Context: The Dynamics of Transculturality,Institutional Strategy;Heidelberg: Realising the Potential of a Comprehensive University.
1.卓越计划
三个研究生院:基础物理研究科、海德堡科学数学和计算方法研究生院、Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling国际分子和细胞生物学研究生院。
两个卓越团队CellNetworks：从分子机制到定量理解复杂函数;亚洲和欧洲在全球背景下：跨文化的动态。制度战略：海德堡，实现综合大学的潜力。
EU Joint Research Projects：EIT Health，Human Brain Project.
2.欧盟联合研究项目：EIT健康、人脑工程。
DFG funded Research Projects (currently running)：22Collaborative Research Cen tres (DFG),10Research Training Groups (DFG),14Research Units (DFG).
3.DFG资助研究项目(目前正在运行)：22合作研究中心、10研究培训组、14研究单位。
11 Nobel Laureates：The Nobel Prize has been awarded since 1901 for achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. 11 Professors of Heidelberg University have been awarded a Nobel Prize since the award has been established.
19 Leibniz Award Laureates：The Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the German Research Foundation is the most prestigious research award in Germany. Nineteen of the recipients were, or still are, researchers at Heidelberg University at the time the prize was awarded.
48 ERC Grants：The European Research Council (ERC) supports out standing scientists in order to advance frontier research and visionary projects and to open up new inter dis ci plin ary fields of knowledge. Among its lines of funding are the ERC Starting Grant, the ERC Consolidator Grant and the ERC Advanced Grant.
3.研究成果
诺贝尔奖得主11人：自1901年以来，诺贝尔奖获得了物质，化学，医学，文学和和平的成就。自从该奖项成立以来，海德堡大学11名教授获得了诺贝尔奖。
莱布尼兹奖19名获奖者：德国研究基金会Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz奖是德国最负盛名的研究奖。有19位在获奖的时候是海德堡大学的研究人员仍然是研究人员。
48 ERC拨款：欧洲研究理事会(ERC)支持杰出的科学家，以推进前沿研究和有远见的项目，并开辟新的跨学科领域的知识。其资金来源是ERC启动拨款，ERC合并授权和ERC高级授权。
四、校园环境
The library;The university library has more than 3 million volumes, including a 14th-century handwritten book.
Accommodation services：For hundreds of years, the university of Heidelberg has grown, and the schoolhouse is all over the city.
Foreign language learning：The university of Heidelberg hopes that the foreign students can reach a certain level of German, so they arrange various seminars for them and cooperate with excellent teachers and teaching equipment.The courses are fully systematic, including German grammar, idiom, writing, discussion, and brief history of Germany, which are popular with foreign students.
Student life：Students enjoy a variety of sports activities in the university, except for ball, track and field events and water sports, and other activities such as skiing, equestrian, western sword, and gymnastics.In addition, the university also has drama, symphony orchestra, choir, media, bridge art, chess...Wait for student clubs.There are 34 fraternity brothers in Heidelberg, most of which were founded in the 19th century. In formal occasions, members wear ribbons and hats, and some fraternities require a sword.From the 19th century to the early 20th century, the brotherhood played an important role in student life, but today students are not popular with clubs.
图书馆：大学图书馆藏书超过300万册，其中包括十四世纪出版的一本书。
住宿服务：几百年来，海德堡大学已经长大，校舍遍布全市的各个角落。
外语学习：海德堡大学希望外国学生可以达到一定的德语水平，所以他们为他们安排各种研讨会和优秀教师和教学设备的合作。课程全面系统，包括德语语法、成语、写作、讨论和德国的简要历史，这些内容都很受国外的学生欢迎。
学生生活：学生享有的各种各样的大学体育活动，除了球、田径、水上运动和其他活动，如滑雪、骑马、西洋剑，和体操。此外，大学也有戏剧，交响乐团、合唱团、艺术媒体、桥梁、象棋…等学生社团。海德堡有34个兄弟会，其中大部分是成立于十九世纪。在正式场合，成员佩戴绶带和帽子，和一些兄弟会需要一把剑。从第十九世纪到第二十世纪初，兄弟会在学生生活的一个重要的角色，但是今天的学生似乎不太喜欢这样的形式。
五、知名校友(因为篇幅有限，无法逐一呈现，排名不分先后)
海德堡大学在各学科领域内均有大量杰出校友，例如：神经外科专家卡尔.冯.巴赫曼(Karl von Bachmen)，物理化学学科奠基人吉布斯 (Josiah Willard Gibbs);化学家亥姆赫兹(Hermann von Helmholtz)，本生(Robert Wilhelm Bunsen)，基希霍夫(Gustav Robert Kirchhoff)及门捷列夫 (Dmitri Mendeleev);音乐家舒曼(Robert Alexander Schumann);哲学家费尔巴哈(Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach)，黑格尔 (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel);诗人艾兴多尔夫(Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff)。作家施皮特勒(Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler);社会学家韦伯 (Maximilian Karl Emil Weber)。
12位在海德堡大学任教期间获得诺贝尔奖 的教授：
菲力浦·雷纳尔德(Philipp Lenard)，因提出电子论和阴极辐射现象荣获1905年诺贝尔物理学奖。
阿尔布莱希特·考索尔(Albrecht Kossel)，在蛋白质和核酸研究中取得巨大成果获1910年诺贝尔 生理学医学奖。
奥托-弗里茨-麦耶豪夫(Atto Fritz Meyerhof)，研究生物反应链取得成果，获1922年诺贝尔生理学医学奖。
里查·柯恩(Richard Kuhn)，研究维他命取得成果，获1938年诺贝尔化学奖 。
瓦尔特·波特(Walther Bothe)，他发展了物理学上的重合方法，发现了电子在光子放射时获得冲量的方法，和宇宙射线中粒子运动以及核反应时核运动的数据，从而获得1954年诺贝尔物理学奖。
汉斯·丹尼尔·杰生(Hans Daniel Jensen)，因对原子核 核层结构的研究而荣获1963年诺贝尔物理学奖。
乔治·维蒂希(Georg Witting)，因对自然材料再造研究所取得的成果获得1979年诺贝尔化学奖。
恩斯特· 彼特斯曼(Ernst Ulrich Petersmann),著名国际经济法学家，欧洲国际法学会副会长，世界贸易组织法律顾问。海德堡大学法学博士学位，现于欧洲大学研究院任教
伯特·萨克曼(Bert Sakmann),1991年，他与厄温·内尔一同夺得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
卡尔·齐格勒(Karl Waldemar Ziegler)在聚合反应催化剂研究方面有很大贡献，并因此与意大利化学家居里奥·纳塔共同获得1963年诺贝尔化学奖。
哈拉尔德·楚尔·豪森(Harald zur Hausen)，2008年获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 。
斯特凡·黑尔(Stefan Hell)，2014年，因“研制出超分辨率荧光显微镜”，与埃里克·贝齐格、威廉·莫纳共同获得诺贝尔化学奖。
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